Nafplio's Old Town, set on the Argolic Gulf in the Peloponnese, is one of Greece's most beautifully preserved historic quarters and the stage of a pivotal chapter in national history: it served as the first capital of modern Greece from 1827 to 1834. Venetian and Ottoman legacies blend in amber-hued neoclassical mansions, bougainvillea-draped marble and cobbled lanes, the cliff-top Palamidi fortress, and the tiny sea-castle of Bourtzi guarding the harbour. In 2026 it remains a hugely popular day trip from Athens, but staying overnight is worth it to enjoy the floodlit Syntagma Square and seafront promenade after the day-trippers leave.
Palamidi Fortress - a Venetian stronghold built in 1711-1714 on a sheer cliff, reached by climbing its famous 999 steps or by road; it rewards visitors with sweeping views over the Argolic Gulf and the cell where the independence hero Kolokotronis was imprisoned.
Bourtzi - a small Venetian island castle of 1473 about 600 m off the harbour, reached by a short 5-10 minute boat ride and one of Nafplio's defining landmarks.
Syntagma (Constitution) Square - the heart of the Old Town, ringed by cafes and the Archaeological Museum housed in a 1713 Venetian arsenal building.
Church of Agios Spyridon - where Ioannis Kapodistrias, first head of the modern Greek state, was assassinated in 1831; the bullet mark in the wall is preserved behind glass.
Arvanitia Promenade - a roughly 1 km seaside walk hugging the base of the Acronafplia citadel, passing the Panagitsa chapel on its way to Arvanitia beach.
Good to know
SafetyPalamidi's 999 steps are steep with almost no shade. Wear sturdy, non-slip shoes and carry water. If the climb is too demanding, take a taxi or car to the summit car park and walk down instead.
SeasonJuly and August bring intense midday heat with little shade at the fortress and squares. Climb Palamidi early morning or late afternoon; spring and autumn are the most comfortable seasons for walking.
RulesOpening hours and ticket prices for Palamidi and the Archaeological Museum change by season (the fortress has shorter winter hours), and Bourtzi's return boat runs weather permitting, so always confirm the latest fares and times before you go.
MannersAgios Spyridon, Panagitsa and other churches are still active places of worship. Dress modestly with shoulders and knees covered, stay quiet during services, and check whether photography is allowed.
CautionSome tourist tavernas around the harbour and on Staikopoulou Street add cover or service charges, so check the price list before ordering. In peak summer, keep bags in front of you in crowded spots such as Syntagma Square.
Practical info
There is currently no direct train from Athens (a change at Corinth is required), so the KTEL Argolida intercity bus (about 2 hours from Athens's Kifissos terminal) or a rental car is the easiest option; the bus station sits on Syngrou Street right beside the Old Town. The historic centre is largely pedestrianised, so park at the Arvanitia car park and explore on foot, and check the latest opening hours and ticket prices for Palamidi, Bourtzi and the Archaeological Museum before visiting.
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